The Westminster Assembly was a synod of British clergy, theologians, and members of Parliament during the lead-up to the British Civil War tasked with restructuring the Church of England. It began on July 1, 1643, with a sermon preached by William Twisse in the nave of Westminster Abbey. Most of the Assembly ceased attending meetings after the new regime required an oath of engagement to the commonwealth in 1649, though nominal meetings continued into the 1650s. The Assembly produced the Westminster Confession of Faith, the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, liturgical manuals for the Churches of England and Scotland, and other subordinate standards. The Assembly worked in the Reformed tradition according to covenant theology, taking the Bible as the authoritative word of God. Though the Assembly’s work was repudiated during the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the Confession of Faith and other standards remained the definitive Reformed confessional literature throughout the English-speaking world.