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The Nicomachean Ethics

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Overview

This volume contains H. Rackham’s translation of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics.

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“Therefore, the Good of man must be the end of the science of Politics.” (Page 7)

“Virtue being, as we have seen, of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual virtue is for the most part both produced and increased by instruction,* and therefore requires experience and time; whereas moral or ethical virtue is the product of habit (ethos), and has indeed derived its name, with a slight variation of form, [2] from that word.a And therefore it is clear that none of the moral virtues is engendered in us by nature, for no natural property can be altered by habit.” (Page 69)

“This then being its aim, our investigation is in a sense the study of Politics.” (Page 7)

“As far as the name goes, we may almost say that the great majority of mankind are agreed about this; for both the multitude and persons of refinement speak of it as Happiness,a and conceive ‘the good life’ or ‘doing well’b to be the same thing as ‘being happy.’” (Page 11)

“Virtue then is a settled disposition of the mind determining the choicec of actions and emotions, consisting essentially in the observance of the mean relative to us, this being determined by principle, that is,d as the prudent man would determine it.” (Page 95)

Aristotle (384–322 BC) was born in the Greek colony of Stagirus, on the coast of Thrace. When he was 17, Aristotle went to Athens, where he studied under Plato at the Academy for 20 years. Following the death of Plato, and due to Aristotle’s divergence from platonic ideas, Aristotle left the Academy. He was later hired by Philip of Macedonia as a tutor for his son, Alexander (who would grow up to become Alexander the Great). After tutoring Alexander for five years, Aristotle returned to Athens and founded the Lyceum as a rival to Plato’s Academy. Because he was in the practice of walking while he taught, his followers became known as peripatetics, a Greek word meaning “to walk about.”

Known as the father of logic, Aristotle was the first philosopher to develop a system of reasoning. He was also the first to classify human knowledge into specific disciplines (e.g. mathematics, biology, etc.). He is most famous known for rejecting the platonic theory of forms, setting up a dichotomy that has dominated philosophy to this day.

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