Terence E. Fretheim explores themes of indictment, judgment, and salvation in Hosea–Micah. According to Freitheim, the indictment against the people of God in Hosea–Micah focuses on idolatry and the abuse of the poor and needy. The effects of these behaviors are often horrendous in their severity. In his probing commentary, Freitheim reveals that, while God is often the perpetrator of such judgments, the consequences, like fruit, grow out of the deed itself. Issues of indictment and judgment are not finally ends in themselves, but in the service of the salvation of God.