Craig Evans combines his extensive knowledge of ancient manuscripts and New Testament studies in this course. He provides the history of the Dead Sea Scrolls, their discovery, and the Essenes, and shows how they affect our understanding of Jesus, John the Baptist, and the early church.
“Which book is cited the most often in Torah? Deuteronomy. Which book is cited most often and copied most often among the Prophets? Isaiah. And which book is cited or copied most often among the Writings? The Psalms. We see this continuing pattern.” (source)
“What then is the true value of the scrolls? Well, above all it gives us the actual text of the Hebrew Bible as it existed in the first century bc. And we can compare that to the official Hebrew text that lies behind the English translation of the ot. We find out the text is the same. There are a few variations, of course, that are very interesting. But it shows how well stabilized the text was in that one thousand years or so leading up to Codex Leningrad, the principle codex behind which our modern Hebrew text is based.” (source)
“This one is just fascinating. It makes very clear that the Messiah who is to come is expected to lead Israel in war against the Romans, where he will not only defeat the Roman army but even kill the Roman emperor himself.” (source)
“For one thing, the scrolls are from antiquity. They go back to the time of Jesus and earlier. Most of them are from the first century, some of them—the very oldest ones—may reach back all the way to the third century bc.” (source)
“That shows you how important Deuteronomy is. And curiously enough, of the five books of Moses, which book is quoted most often in the nt? It’s Deuteronomy. Which book is quoted most often in other writings in the intertestamental period of time? It’s Deuteronomy. And in the rabbis, which of the five books of Moses is quoted most often? Deuteronomy. It’s interesting how you see this pattern. In fact, Jesus appeals to Deuteronomy more than He does to any of the other books of Moses.” (source)