Digital Logos Edition
Any conversation about effective teaching must begin with a consideration of how students learn. However, instructors may find a gap between resources that focus on the technical research on learning and those that provide practical classroom strategies. How Learning Works provides the bridge for such a gap. In this volume, the authors introduce seven general principles of learning, distilled from the research literature as well as from twenty-seven years of experience working one-on-one with college faculty. They have drawn on research from a breadth of perspectives (cognitive, developmental, and social psychology; educational research; anthropology; demographics; and organizational behavior) to identify a set of key principles underlying learning-from how effective organization enhances retrieval and use of information to what impacts motivation. These principles provide instructors with an understanding of student learning that can help them see why certain teaching approaches are or are not supporting student learning, generate or refine teaching approaches and strategies that more effectively foster student learning in specific contexts, and transfer and apply these principles to new courses. For anyone who wants to improve his or her students' learning, it is crucial to understand how that learning works and how to best foster it. This vital resource is grounded in learning theory and based on research evidence, while being easy to understand and apply to college teaching.
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“The first is attainment value, which represents the satisfaction that one gains from mastery and accomplishment of a goal or task.” (Page 75)
“Motivation refers to the personal investment that an individual has in reaching a desired state or outcome (Maehr & Meyer, 1997). In the context of learning, motivation influences the direction, intensity, persistence, and quality of the learning behaviors in which students engage.” (Pages 68–69)
“There are three key implications of this research on what makes feedback more effective. The feedback must (1) focus students on the key knowledge and skills you want them to learn, (2) be provided at a time and frequency when students will be most likely to use it, and (3) be linked to additional practice opportunities for students.” (Page 143)
“A final source of value, one that Eccles and Wigfield call instrumental value, represents the degree to which an activity or goal helps one accomplish other important goals, such as gaining what are traditionally referred to as extrinsic rewards.” (Page 75)
“One kind of knowledge that appears across many of these typologies is declarative knowledge, or the knowledge of facts and concepts that can be stated or declared.” (Page 18)