James Madison Pendleton (1811–1891) was an American Baptist pastor and professor. Pendleton made up one member of the “Great Triumvirate” (along with J.R. Graves and A.C. Dayton) of the Landmark Movement, which sprung up in the 1850s within the Southern Baptist Convention. Born in Virginia, Pendleton was raised in Kentucky, and was educated in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and ordained there in 1833. He taught school and studied theology privately for several years before he became pastor of First Baptist Church in Bowling Green, Kentucky. In 1857, he became professor of theology at Union University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and became an editor of the Tennessee Baptist. At the start of the Civil War, Pendleton moved to the North where he pastored churches in Ohio and Pennsylvania and was involved in founding Crozer Theological Seminary.