Digital Logos Edition
Ancient Judaism produced a number of books that have been associated in some way with the biblical figure of Ezra. (“Esdras” is simply the Greek form of the Hebrew name “Ezra.”) The names given these books can be very confusing. The book with which we are concerned here is contained in the Apocrypha of Protestant Bibles, where it has been called 1 Esdras in English Bibles since 1560. It is not included in Catholic Bibles, but it is found in the Latin Vulgate, where it is known as 3 Esdras. Orthodox Christianity accepts the book as canonical Scripture, and calls it 1 Esdras. In editions of the Greek Old Testament known as the Septuagint, it is called 1 Esdras, and precedes what it calls “2 Esdras,” which consists of the canonical books of Ezra and Nehemiah, considered as one book. Turner (page 141) presents a chart of these books that is helpful if someone wishes to pursue this, as does Rowell (page 287 in Mercer Dictionary of the Bible).
1 Esdras is sometimes referred to as Greek Ezra, in an effort to be clear. This book has no connection whatever with the book called “2 Esdras” in the Apocrypha of Protestant Bibles.