Social reform defined 19th century conservative Christian revivalism. When the 20th century rolled around, Christian liberals joined the cause and conservatives were faced with a decision: Do we join forces with these “swashbuckling radicals” or separate from them? Opting for separation, the fundamentalist movement was born. This issue of Christian History and Biography begins with the famous Monkey Trial and investigates the clash between fundamentalism and modernism, between God and reason.
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