Bible translation expert Dr. Mark Strauss introduces the philosophies of translation in order to equip students in their selection of a specific version (or versions) of the Bible. Dr. Strauss compares functional and formal equivalence and describes the strengths and weaknesses of each. He discusses elements of language such as gender terminology, idioms, and metaphors to reveal the importance of this often-overlooked but fundamental part of preaching, teaching, and personal Bible study.
“An idiom is a phrase or expression with a meaning differing from the literal meaning of its parts.” (source)
“There [are] two basic approaches, or philosophies, to translation. One is called ‘formal equivalence,’ or literal translation, also known as word-for-word translation. The other is known as ‘functional equivalence,’ previously known as dynamic equivalence, or idiomatic translation. [With] formal equivalence, the goal is to follow the form of the original text—the Greek or Hebrew text—as closely as possible. Functional equivalence isn’t concerned so much with following the form, but wants to capture the essential meaning of the text.” (source)
“A collocation is a word whose meaning comes from its relationship with other words around it.” (source)
“The answer is because no translation can capture all of the meaning. No translation could capture all of the meaning.” (source)
“a formal equivalent version seeks, as much as possible, to use a single English word for every Greek or Hebrew word.” (source)