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Friendly Connections: Philadelphia Quakers and Japan since the Late Nineteenth Century discloses the history of relations among members of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers, of Philadelphia and Japanese intellectuals, educators, and activists. In this book, Japanese and North American experts demonstrate that education, women’s rights, interracial equality, politics, disaster relief, reform, and peace efforts have all benefited. Seventeen chapters detail this underappreciated history. Throughout the modern era, these ties, often between women, have transformed efforts for peace, equality, and women’s rights in Japan and the United States. With a focus on “women’s work for women,” and revelations about supportive British Quakers, this book uncovers networks that sustained Japan-America ties for a century and a half.
Part 1. Beginnings: “The Simple Fact of Our Being Friends”
Chapter 1: Early Quaker Missionary Activity and Japan
Thomas D. Hamm
Chapter 2: Transpacific Quaker Denominationalism: Quakerism from Philadelphia to Tokyo
Tetsuko Toda
Chapter 3: The Japan Peace Society and the British and American Quakers Who Supported It
Mitsuhiro Sakaguchi
Part 2. Partnerships: “More than the Courage to Despair”
Chapter 4: The Faith Life of Nitobe Inazō: A Legacy of Philadelphia Quakerism
Thomas W. Burkman
Chapter 5: The Nitobes: A Quaker International Marriage
Steven Elkinton and Sharlie Conroy Ushioda
Chapter 6: Anna C. Hartshorne and Her Mission in Japan
Mieko Kojima
Chapter 7: “Toward Friendship with Japan”: The American Friends Service Committee and Educational Diplomacy in the 1920s,
Allan W. Austin
Part 3. Tides: “If You Can Stay, Do Stay”
Chapter 8: Edith Forsythe Sharpless in Wartime Japan, 1939–1943
Tetsuko Toda
Chapter 9: Esther Biddle Rhoads and Friends School in Tokyo
Mitsuo Ōtsu, translated by Louisa Hatanaka and Kazumi Teune
Chapter 10: The Encounter with Non-Pastoral Quakerism
Tetsuko Toda
Part 4. Occupations: “For Mutual Helpfulness”
Chapter 11: Elizabeth Gray Vining: A Philadelphia Quaker and the Education of the Japanese Imperial Crown Prince
Paul B. Reagan
Chapter 12: The Public Speeches of Elizabeth Gray Vining in Japan and the United States
Cynthia L. Daugherty
Chapter 13: Friends and the LARA Postwar Relief Efforts to Japan
Masako Iino
Chapter 14: Quaker Connections with Women’s Educational Leadership in Japan
Tetsuko Toda
Part 5. Futures: Archives “Bearing Witness”
Chapter 15: Philadelphia Quakers and Japan: Archival Sources in the Collections at Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College
Susanna Koethe Morikawa
Chapter 16: Quakers and Japan: Archival and Manuscript Materials at Haverford College
Sarah M. Horowitz
Chapter 17: A Brief History of American Friends Service Committee Work on Behalf of Japan and the Japanese People
Donald Davis
This book is so valuable; it moves the central focus of Quaker studies beyond an Anglo-American emphasis, highlights the role of women, and breaks new scholarly ground in a compelling way. The authors and editors are to be congratulated for such fine work.
This excellent collection of essays gathers an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars from Japan and the United States to explore the partnerships that developed between Philadelphian and Japanese Quakers from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. Strongly researched and clearly written, Friendly Connections offers important insights into this special relationship at the same time as it opens the door for further study.
Linda H. Chance is associate professor of Japanese studies in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at the University of Pennsylvania.
Paul B. Reagan is an independent scholar and historian of modern Japan and international relations.
Tetsuko Toda is a project researcher of Quaker history in Japan at Tsuda University.