International Critical Commentaries: Old Testament (23 vols.)

John Skinner studied in Scotland and Germany at the end of the 19th century. He held pulpits in the Free Church of Scotland from 1880 until 1890, when he was elected to the faculty of what is now Westminster College, Cambridge. There he became one of the earliest English-language scholars to incorporate the documentary hypothesis in his teaching and writing. His lectures were described as clear, illuminating, and impressive. Skinner was elected Principal (i.e., Dean) in 1908, and given Principal Emeritus status in 1922. His 1910 Genesis was for many years the standard English-language text. He died in 1925 while revising it.

George Buchanan Gray (1865-1922): Congregational clergyman and biblical scholar. He was Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis in Mansfield College, Oxford. Authored the volume on Isaiah 1-27, and co-authored volume 1 and volume 2 of Job, in the International Critical Commentary series, among other writings.

Samuel Rolles Driver: An Old Testament and Semitic languages scholar. He was educated at Winchester School and Oxford University, where he became a fellow of New College in 1870 and from 1875 was also a tutor. He was awarded the Pusey and Ellerton scholarship in 1866, the Kennicott scholarship in 1870 (both Hebrew), and the Houghton Syriac prize in 1872. In 1883 he succeeded E. B. Pusey in the Regius Chair of Hebrew at Oxford, which he occupied for the rest of his life.

George Foot Moore was one of the most important American teachers of religion. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, in 1851 and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1931. Moore graduated Yale in 1872 and from Union Theological Seminary in 1877. His ordination to the Presbyterian ministry came in 1878, and later he became professor of Hebrew in Andover Theological Seminary in 1883. In 1902 he went to Harvard and was made professor of the history of religion just two years later.

Henry Preserved Smith (1847-1926) was an American biblical scholar. Educated both at Amherst College and Lane Theological Seminary, he eventually became an instructor therewith. He continued his study of theology in Berlin and Leipzig. Later he was tried for heresy in his Presbytery, in Cincinnati, OH. Dr. Smith retired from the denomination, and in 1893, upon becoming a professor at Andover Theological Seminary, entered the ministry of the Congregational Church. From 1897 to 4099 he was a professor in Amherst College, and in 1907 became a professor in the Meadville Theological School (now affiliated with the University of Chicago).

H. S. Gehman is coauthor of the International Critical Commentary on I and II Kings.

James A. Montgomery was Professor in the University of Pennsylvania and in the Philadelphia Divinity School. He earned his Ph. D., in 1904 from the University of Pennsylvania, and was given the honorary degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.) in 1908. Montgomery was named Lecturer on Semitics at Penn, and then one year later, Assistant Professor of Hebrew and Aramaic. In 1914, he was promoted to Professor of Hebrew and Aramaic, a position he held until he was named Emeritus Professor of Hebrew and Aramaic in 1938. Through his distinguished academic career, Montgomery made a name for himself in the fields of Semitics and Oriental Studies. He authored a number of books on the Orient and the Middle-East, and his works were considered by scholars in the field to be the most complete and well-researched publications on that subject.

Edward L. Curtis was professor of the Hebrew Language and Literature in the Divinity School of Yale University.

Albert Madsen was pastor of the First Congregational Church at Newburgh, N.Y.

L. W. Batten was Professor of the Literature and Interpretation of the Old Testament, General Theological Seminary in New York and a former chairman of the Society for Biblical Scholarship (1928).

Lewis B. Paton served as Professor of Old Testament Exegesis and Criticism, Hartford Theological Seminary.

Charles Augustus Briggs (January 15, 1841 - 1913): American theologian and Hebrew scholar. Born in New York City, he was educated at the University of Virginia (1857-1860), graduated at the Union Theological Seminary in 1863, and studied further at the University of Berlin. He was pastor of the Presbyterian church of Roselle, New Jersey, 1869-1874, and professor of Hebrew and cognate languages in Union Theological Seminary 1874-1891. From 1880 to 1890 he was an editor of the Presbyterian Review. In 1892 he was tried for heresy by the presbytery of New York and acquitted; the general assembly, however, suspended Briggs in 1893. He was ordained a priest of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1899. He has been awarded many honoraries degrees and is the author of many publications.

Charles Augustus Briggs (January 15, 1841 - 1913): American theologian and Hebrew scholar. Born in New York City, he was educated at the University of Virginia (1857-1860), graduated at the Union Theological Seminary in 1863, and studied further at the University of Berlin. He was pastor of the Presbyterian church of Roselle, New Jersey, 1869-1874, and professor of Hebrew and cognate languages in Union Theological Seminary 1874-1891. From 1880 to 1890 he was an editor of the Presbyterian Review. In 1892 he was tried for heresy by the presbytery of New York and acquitted; the general assembly, however, suspended Briggs in 1893. He was ordained a priest of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1899. He has been awarded many honoraries degrees and is the author of many publications.

Crawford Howell Toy was an American biblical scholar from Norfolk, VA.. He received his M.A. from the University of Virginia before going on to Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Greenville, S.C.. His time at the seminary was brief as the Civil War broke out and he became an infantry chaplain for the Confederacy. He continued his studies in the States after the war, but eventually headed to Berlin where he studied theology, Sanskrit, and Semitics. In 1869, the trustees of Southern Seminary invited Toy back, this time to become Professor of Old Testament Interpretation and Oriental Languages. His resignation came after ten years with the seminary due to a theological controversy. From 1880, until his retirement in 1909, Toy was Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard and from 1880-1903 was Dexter Lecturer on Biblical Literature. He was member of the editorial board of The Jewish Encyclopedia, and a contributor to learned journals. Apart from this ICC volume on Proverbs, his notable writings include, Judaism and Christianity, and Introduction to the History of Religions.

G. A. Barton taught at Haverford College, Bryn Mawr and the University of Pennsylvania where he was Professor of Semitic Languages from 1922-1931 and Professor Emeritus from 1932-1942. His many articles and books cover a wide range of topics in areas such as biblical studies, religion, and linguistics. He was also involved in archaeological projects throughout the Middle East and was the director of the American School of Oriental Research in Baghdad from 1921-1934.

G. A. Barton taught at Haverford College, Bryn Mawr and the University of Pennsylvania where he was Professor of Semitic Languages from 1922-1931 and Professor Emeritus from 1932-1942. His many articles and books cover a wide range of topics in areas such as biblical studies, religion, and linguistics. He was also involved in archaeological projects throughout the Middle East and was the director of the American School of Oriental Research in Baghdad from 1921-1934.

William McKane was Professor Emeritus of Hebrew and Oriental Languages in the University of St. Andrews.

William McKane was Professor Emeritus of Hebrew and Oriental Languages in the University of St. Andrews.

G. A. Cooke was Regius Professor of Hebrew and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. Held Hon. D.D., Edinburgh and Hon. Canon of St. Mary’s Cathedral, Edinburgh.

James A. Montgomery was Professor in the University of Pennsylvania and in the Philadelphia Divinity School. He earned his Ph. D., in 1904 from the University of Pennsylvania, and was given the honorary degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.) in 1908. Montgomery was named Lecturer on Semitics at Penn, and then one year later, Assistant Professor of Hebrew and Aramaic. In 1914, he was promoted to Professor of Hebrew and Aramaic, a position he held until he was named Emeritus Professor of Hebrew and Aramaic in 1938. Through his distinguished academic career, Montgomery made a name for himself in the fields of Semitics and Oriental Studies. He authored a number of books on the Orient and the Middle-East, and his works were considered by scholars in the field to be the most complete and well-researched publications on that subject.

A. A. Macintosh was President of St. John's College, Cambridge.

William R. Harper was Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures in the University of Chicago.

John Merlin Powis Smith was Assistant Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures in the University of Chicago.

Julias A. Bewer was Associate Professor of Biblical Philology Union Theological Seminary, New York.

William Hayes Ward graduated Phillips Academy, Andover, Amherst College, and the Andover Theological Seminary. He served as a pastor, and as a professor of Latin at Ripon College in Wisconsin. He was part of the editorial staff of the New York Independent, rising by degrees to editor in chief, and then honorary editor. He was twice president of the American Oriental Society.

John Merlin Powis Smith was Assistant Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures in the University of Chicago.

Julias A. Bewer was Associate Professor of Biblical Philology Union Theological Seminary, New York.

Hinckley G. Mitchell was Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis in Tufts College.